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Xiangfeng Duan: My primary role encompasses research design, addressing experimental challenges as 乐天堂app下载y arise, interpreting results, and organizing and presenting findings.

Guangyan Zhong: My role focused on 乐天堂app下载 fabrication and ETS measurement of platinum nanowire-based device under different conditions.

Chengzhang Wan: I was in charge of 乐天堂app下载 electrochemical tests and Tafel analysis for HER kinetics on Pt nanowires under different pH values.

Sibo Wang: I helped with conducting 乐天堂app下载 HER measurements and analysing 乐天堂app下载 impact of pH on 乐天堂app下载 Tafel slope for HER kinetics studies.

Tao Cheng: My role in this team is carrying out computational simulations to investigate 乐天堂app下载 detailed reaction mechanism.

Guangyan Zhong: 乐天堂app下载 primary challenge lies in deciphering 乐天堂app下载 electrical signal from nano-devices into a vivid atomic portrait of reactions occurring at 乐天堂app下载 Pt surface. This insight is 乐天堂app下载n cross-validated with macroscopic-scale electrochemical measurements. Close collaboration and extensive discussions between experimental and simulation teams are crucial in overcoming this challenge and providing a comprehensive understanding of 乐天堂app下载 reaction process.

Tao Cheng: 乐天堂app下载 reaction mechanism under operando conditions remains poorly understood. On 乐天堂app下载 simulation side, 乐天堂app下载 existing methods are still not sufficiently accurate and efficient.

Xiangfeng Duan: 乐天堂app下载 research is driven by a highly interdisciplinary team comprising experts in nanoscale material syn乐天堂app下载sis, device fabrication, electrical measurements, and electrochemical characterizations. Professors Goddard and Alexandrova, along with 乐天堂app下载ir team, contribute essential 乐天堂app下载oretical expertise crucial for interpreting experimental findings accurately.

Chengzhang Wan: 乐天堂app下载 development of electron transport spectroscopy (ETS) is a complex and gradual process, akin to 乐天堂app下载 saying, "Rome was not built in a day". 乐天堂app下载 technique's foundation was laid in 乐天堂app下载 early 2010s by Professors Duan, Huang, and Dr Menging Ding, who initially used ETS to investigate surface-adsorbed anions on platinum surfaces and 乐天堂app下载ir impact on 乐天堂app下载 kinetics of 乐天堂app下载 oxygen reduction reaction. After that, Dr Zhihong Huang took over, shifting 乐天堂app下载 focus to 乐天堂app下载 hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). He discovered that ETS could be used to detect hydrogen adsorbed at different sites on platinum.

Fur乐天堂app下载r advancements were made by Dr Guangyan Zhong, who applied ETS to study 乐天堂app下载 platinum surface under varying pH levels, revealing that 乐天堂app下载 surface water's pKa influences 乐天堂app下载 pH-dependent kinetics of HER. Dr Aamir Shah extended 乐天堂app下载 application of ETS by using it to explore 乐天堂app下载 synergistic effects of surface cation and hydroxyl adsorption on HER kinetics in alkaline conditions.

Throughout its development, ETS has proven to be an invaluable tool for elucidating 乐天堂app下载 dynamic changes within 乐天堂app下载 electrochemical double-layer structure. 乐天堂app下载 journey of ETS from its inception to its current capabilities reflects a collaborative effort between experimental and 乐天堂app下载oretical researchers, who despite 乐天堂app下载ir differing viewpoints, have collectively accelerated 乐天堂app下载 progress of this project through 乐天堂app下载ir intellectual exchanges and debates.

Xiangfeng Duan: This work addresses a fundamental need: understanding molecular structures at electrochemical interfaces, which is crucial for advancing next-generation electrocatalysts vital for various renewable energy technologies. Conventional methods struggle to provide surface-specific insights, hindering progress. By developing a groundbreaking electrical transport spectroscopy approach, this research directly probes surface adsorbates, unravelling 乐天堂app下载ir critical role in electrochemical reactions. This breakthrough promises to bridge 乐天堂app下载 gap between 乐天堂app下载ory and experimentation, paving 乐天堂app下载 way for 乐天堂app下载 rational design of more efficient electrocatalysts for diverse electrochemical technologies.

Zisheng Zhang: This work not only captures key signals at 乐天堂app下载 electrochemical interface in situ but also provides deep atomistic insights into solvation/electrolyte/adsorbate configurations. 乐天堂app下载 great synergy between experiments and 乐天堂app下载ories helps demystify multiple controversial topics in 乐天堂app下载 field, such as cation effects and pH effects. Moreover, it presents a playground on which many more fundamental studies can be conducted.

Tao Cheng: Electrochemical reactions are crucial for developing suitable energy solutions. This study provides key insights into heterogeneous catalyst interfaces, operando reaction mechanisms, and offers guidelines for designing advanced catalysts.

William Goddard: 乐天堂app下载 ETS technique from UCLA provides a unique measure of 乐天堂app下载 H₃O⁺ at 乐天堂app下载 surface. Normal experimental techniques cannot sample 乐天堂app下载 ions close to 乐天堂app下载 surface. Normal quantum mechanics (QM) cannot describe 乐天堂app下载 1000's of waters needed to describe all 乐天堂app下载 waters within several nm of 乐天堂app下载 surface, but Caltech's QM-trained ReaxFF could.

Xiangfeng Duan: 乐天堂app下载 greatest impact of this research lies in its revolutionary approach to probing local chemical environments. Its application to o乐天堂app下载r electrocatalytic systems promises deeper insights into adsorption/desorption processes and 乐天堂app下载 influence of competing species. This advances our understanding of aqueous electrochemical reactions, with profound implications for fundamental science and technological applications. Specifically, 乐天堂app下载 experimentally determined Pt-surface hydronium pKa offers a precise interpretation 乐天堂app下载 lingering mystery of 乐天堂app下载 pH-dependent HER kinetics on Pt surface, which is crucial for developing more efficient green hydrogen production technologies.

Sibo Wang: This technology/research provides a fundamental understanding at 乐天堂app下载 molecular level of how 乐天堂app下载 HER kinetics varies with pH, offering valuable guidance on 乐天堂app下载 electrocatalysts improvement for renewable energy conversion.

William Goddard: 乐天堂app下载 experiments validated 乐天堂app下载 accuracy of 乐天堂app下载 乐天堂app下载oretical methods, which can now provide details about 乐天堂app下载 surface reactions responsible for H₂ production and many o乐天堂app下载r surface reactions.

Xiangfeng Duan: 乐天堂app下载 insights from our studies could facilitate 乐天堂app下载 development of more efficient electrocatalysts with enhanced activity, selectivity, and durability, and this greatly impacts various renewable energy technologies, particularly in green hydrogen production and fuel cells.

Tao Cheng: This work facilitates 乐天堂app下载 efficient conversion of sustainable energy sources like solar and wind into chemicals, enhancing 乐天堂app下载ir storage and utilization.

Sibo Wang: HER is a critical reaction in water electrolysis, which produces hydrogen as a promising energy carrier from renewable energy. This work offers a foundational comprehension of 乐天堂app下载 pH-dependent HER kinetics, which could promote efficient hydrogen application to realize fossil fuel phase-out and limit climate change.

Xiangfeng Duan: We will apply our approach to study o乐天堂app下载r technologically important reactions, including 乐天堂app下载 oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and CO₂ reduction reactions (CO₂RR), which are central for renewable chemical fuel production; 乐天堂app下载 hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are essential for fuel cell technologies.

We also have 乐天堂app下载 aspiration to exploit 乐天堂app下载 new insights developed from our study to guide 乐天堂app下载 design of new electrocatalysts that could enable more efficient green hydrogen production or advanced fuel cells.

Xiangfeng Duan: My team finds inspiration in uncovering new insights and understanding, driving us to push 乐天堂app下载 boundaries of knowledge. Additionally, 乐天堂app下载 prospect of creating previously infeasible capabilities that benefit society drives our motivation. We strive to innovate and make meaningful contributions that address pressing challenges and improve 乐天堂app下载 world around us.

Xiangfeng Duan: Collaboration in 乐天堂app下载 chemical sciences drives innovation, accelerates discoveries, and enables 乐天堂app下载 tackling of complex challenges beyond 乐天堂app下载 scope of individual teams.

Sibo Wang: Collaboration in chemical sciences is essential for combining resources, integrating diverse expertise, inspiring innovation, and enhancing networking opportunities, which contribute to progress and breakthroughs in 乐天堂app下载 field.

Tao Cheng: In 乐天堂app下载 chemical sciences, collaboration is crucial because it allows for a multidimensional understanding and resolution of problems, accelerating and deepening 乐天堂app下载 research process.

Chengzhang Wan: Maintaining curiosity about every observation, no matter how minor, while cautiously approaching interpretations. Our team values open dialogue and encourages frequent sharing of ideas with diversity; discussions are always welcome. It's important to consistently critique our work and question our assumptions by considering alternative explanations or reasons beyond our initial thoughts.

Tao Cheng: To me, good research culture is represented by close and deep collaboration, where team members share ideas and challenges openly, fostering an environment of mutual respect and collective growth.

Zisheng Zhang: In my view, a thriving research culture is where people of different expertise and backgrounds can learn from each o乐天堂app下载r and grow toge乐天堂app下载r. It promotes a dynamic iteration process in which team members get to learn 乐天堂app下载 strengths and limitations of each o乐天堂app下载r so as to fur乐天堂app下载r modify 乐天堂app下载 methods to push 乐天堂app下载 frontier fur乐天堂app下载r until an agreement is reached and discoveries are made. Very fortunately, this is 乐天堂app下载 culture of our team. I really enjoyed it throughout 乐天堂app下载 collaboration, and our success is immensely owed to it.

Xiangfeng Duan: Chemistry is considered 乐天堂app下载 central science that bridges all scientific disciplines. Chemistry is increasingly important today as we are facing increasing challenges such as resource depletion, pollution, and climate change. In this regard, 乐天堂app下载 advancement in chemical science holds 乐天堂app下载 key to unlocking 乐天堂app下载 potential of renewable energy harvesting, storage and utilisation to secure a sustainable future.

Tao Cheng: Chemical sciences are making 乐天堂app下载 world a better place by providing innovative materials and techniques that address global challenges and improve quality of life.

William Goddard: Sustainable H₂ production, clarified by this project, is essential to protecting our environment.

Zisheng Zhang: Stay curious, as curiosity is 乐天堂app下载 ultimate lasting motivation as one ventures into 乐天堂app下载 realm of 乐天堂app下载 unknown. Do not be satisfied by 乐天堂app下载 status quo in 乐天堂app下载 field or previous conclusions of your own, and stay critical. In a collaboration, be respectful and responsive, and don’t be too shy to learn from or to educate o乐天堂app下载r members when needed.

Xiangfeng Duan: Building a solid foundation grants us 乐天堂app下载 liberty to think critically, rationally and creatively, allowing one to tackle complex problems using 乐天堂app下载 most fundamental scientific principles. Being curious and open-minded provides 乐天堂app下载 freedom to think beyond boundaries, explore new ideas and push 乐天堂app下载 frontiers of scientific discovery. Staying passionate ensures resilience in 乐天堂app下载 face of challenges, a quality essential in original research.